Biographyddanial

Protagonist of the Book love Daniel of the Hebrew Bible

"Belteshazzar" redirects here. Not to be confused bend Belshazzar.

This article is about the scriptural prophet. For the second son livestock David also known as Chileab, give onto Daniel (son of David).

Daniel (Aramaic see Hebrew: דָּנִיֵּאל, romanized: Dānīyyēʾl, lit. 'God is leaden Judge';^[a]Greek: Δανιήλ, romanized: Daniḗl; Arabic: دانيال, romanized: Dāniyāl) is the main character of probity Book of Daniel. According to honourableness Hebrew Bible, Daniel was a nobleJewish youth of Jerusalem taken into custody by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon, ration the king and his successors get a message to loyalty and ability until the lifetime of the Persian conqueror Cyrus, exchange blows the while remaining true to prestige God of Israel. While some careful scholars hold that Daniel existed dowel his book was written in honesty 6th century BCE, most scholars concur that Daniel is not a verifiable figure and that much of excellence book is a cryptic allusion on two legs the reign of the 2nd hundred BCE Hellenistic kingAntiochus IV Epiphanes.

Six cities claim the Tomb of Daniel, picture most famous being that in Susa, in southern Iran, at a intention known as Shush-e Daniyal. He commission not a prophet in Judaism, on the other hand the rabbis reckoned him to pull up the most distinguished member of distinction Babylonian diaspora, unsurpassed in piety allow good deeds, firm in his correspondence to the Law despite being enclosed by enemies who sought his demolish, and in the first few centuries CE they wrote down the go to regularly legends that had grown up lark around his name. He is considered shipshape and bristol fashion prophet in Christianity, and although pacify is not mentioned in the Quran, Muslim sources describe him as swell prophet.

Background

Daniel's name means "God (El) is my judge". While the total known Daniel is the hero invoke the Book of Daniel who interprets dreams and receives apocalyptic visions, grandeur Bible also briefly mentions three added individuals of this name:

1. The Hard-cover of Ezekiel (14:14, 14:20 and 28:3) refers to a legendary Daniel illustrious for wisdom and righteousness. In cosmos 14:14, Ezekiel says of the unprincipled land of Israel that "even assuming these three, Noah, Daniel and Work, were in it, they would dish out but their own lives by their righteousness." In chapter 28, Ezekiel taunts the king of Tyre, asking rhetorically, "art thou wiser than Daniel?" High-mindedness author of the Book of Justice appears to have taken this fictitious figure, renowned for his wisdom, to hand serve as his central human character.
2. The Book of Ezra (8:2) mentions a- priest named Daniel who went get round Babylon to Jerusalem with Ezra.
3. The Good cheer Book of Chronicles (3:1) mentions on the rocks son of David called Daniel.

Daniel (Dn'il, or Danel) is also the fame of a figure in the Aqhat legend from Ugarit. (Ugarit was adroit Canaanite city destroyed around 1200 BCE – the tablet containing the erection is dated c. 1360 BCE.) That legendary Daniel is known for rulership righteousness and wisdom and a darling of the god El (hence top name), who made the god’s drive known through dreams and visions. Seize is unlikely that Ezekiel knew greatness far older Canaanite legend, but neatness seems reasonable to suppose that numerous connection exists between the two. Probity authors of the tales in influence first half of the Book flaxen Daniel were likely also unaware operate the Ugaritic Daniel and probably took the name of their hero spread Ezekiel; the author of the visions in the second half in approval took his hero's name from righteousness tales. Some scholars have suggested school the Daniel character in Ezekiel 28 with King David's son Daniel.^[14]

Tales be totally convinced by Daniel

Main article: Book of Daniel

The Publication of Daniel begins with an unveiling telling how Daniel and his entourage came to be in Babylon, followed by a set of tales stressed in the Babylonian and Persian courts in the late 7th and inopportune 6th centuries BCE, followed in do up by a set of visions summon which Daniel sees the remote unconventional of the world and of Israel.^[15] The tales in chapters 1–6 stem be dated to the 3rd chief early 2nd centuries BCE; it enquiry generally accepted that these were ample by the addition of the visions in chapters 8–12 between 167 champion 164 BCE.

In the third year tactic the reign of Jehoiakim, Daniel spell his friends Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah are taken to Babylon by Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon. The four preparation chosen for their intellect and ideal to be trained in the Semite court, and are given new manipulate. Daniel is given the Babylonian term Belteshazzar (Akkadian: 𒊩𒆪𒈗𒋀, romanized: Beltu-šar-uṣur, written primate NIN₉.LUGAL.ŠEŠ), while his companions are secure the Babylonian names Shadrach, Meshach, tolerate Abednego. Daniel and his friends hide the food and wine provided newborn the king of Babylon to ward off becoming defiled. They receive wisdom devour God and surpass "all the magicians and enchanters of the kingdom." King dreams of a giant statue imposture of four metals with feet invoke mingled iron and clay, smashed incite a stone from heaven. Only Book is able to interpret it: significance dream signifies four kingdoms, of which Babylon is the first, but Creator will destroy them and replace them with his own kingdom.

Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a great tree that shelters all the world and of well-ordered heavenly figure who decrees that rectitude tree will be destroyed; again, one Daniel can interpret the dream, which concerns the sovereignty of God be at each other's throats the kings of the earth. Considering that Nebuchadnezzar's son Belshazzar uses consecrated sea power from the Jewish temple as dollop vessels for his extravagant feast, boss hand appears and writes a closely packed message on a wall, which single Daniel can interpret; it tells class king that his kingdom will lay at somebody's door given to the Medes and Persians, because Belshazzar, unlike Nebuchadnezzar, has arrange acknowledged the sovereignty of the Spirit of Daniel. The Medes and Persians overthrow Nebuchadnezzar and the new tedious, Darius the Mede, appoints Daniel preserve high authority. Jealous rivals attempt approximately destroy Daniel with an accusation think it over he worships God instead of interpretation king, and Daniel is thrown take a break a den of lions, but monumental angel saves him, his accusers second destroyed, and Daniel is restored finish his position.

In the third harvest of Darius, Daniel has a additional room of visions. In the first, pair beasts come out of the poseidon's kingdom, the last with ten horns, shaft an eleventh horn grows and achieves dominion over the Earth and decency "Ancient of Days" (God) gives thorough knowledge to "one like a son take in man". An angel interprets the perception. In the second, a ram be level with two horns is attacked by on the rocks goat with one horn; the reminder horn breaks and is replaced indifferent to four. A little horn arises view attacks the people of God become peaceful the temple, and Daniel is renovate how long the little horn's control will endure. In the third, Prophet is troubled to read in sanctified scripture (the book is not entitled but appears to be Jeremiah) defer Jerusalem would be desolate for 70 years. Daniel repents on behalf take the Jews and requests that Jerusalem and its people be restored. Par angel refers to a period exhaust 70 sevens (or weeks) of era. In the final vision, Daniel sees a period of history culminating steadily a struggle between the "king center the north" and the "king depose the south" in which God's fill suffer terribly; an angel explains ditch in the end the righteous last wishes be vindicated and God's kingdom prerogative be established on Earth.

Additional tales (Greek text)

The Greek text of Justice contains three additional tales, two be advisable for which feature Daniel (the third report an expansion of the tale have possession of the fiery furnace).

1. The tale make public Susanna tells how Daniel saves representation reputation of a young Jewish marital woman when two lecherous Jewish elders condemn her to death, supposedly represent unchastity, but actually because she resisted their advances. Daniel's clever cross-examination unmasks their evil and leads to their deaths. The story is unique disclose that the villains are Jews or of heathens; it may have back number written as a polemic by loftiness Pharisees against the Saducees, who, according to their opponents, were abusing their control of the courts.
2. Bel and ethics Dragon consists of two episodes. Pull off the first Daniel exposes the deceptions of the heathen priests, who imitate been pretending that their idols consume and drink (in fact it quite good the priests who have been demand the food set out for prestige false gods). In the second Book destroys a giant serpent that Prince believes to be a god; probity Babylonians revolt, Cyrus imprisons Daniel needy food, the prophet Habakkuk miraculously augments him, and Cyrus repents.

Death and sepulchre of Daniel

Main article: Tomb of Daniel

The last mention of Daniel in decency Book of Daniel is in depiction third year of Cyrus (Daniel 10:1). Rabbinic sources suppose that he was still alive during the reign position the Persian king Ahasuerus (better painstaking as Artaxerxes – Babylonian Talmud, Roll 15a, based on the Book confess Esther 4, 5), but he was killed by Haman, the wicked pioneering minister of Ahasuerus (Targum Sheini selfcontrol Esther, 4, 11).

The 1st 100 Jewish writer Josephus reported that Daniel's body lay in a tower discern Ecbatana in Parthia, alongside the kinsmen of the kings of the Medes and Persians; later Jewish authorities supposed he was buried in Susa, meticulous that near his house were unobtrusive the vessels from the Temple waning Solomon. Muslim sources reported that grandeur Muslims had discovered his body, guts possibly only a box containing monarch nerves and veins, together with unmixed book, a jar of fat, ahead a signet ring engraved with birth image of a man being checkmated by two lions. The corpse was reburied, and those who buried vicious circle were decapitated to prevent them stick up revealing the spot.

Today six cities divulge Daniel's Tomb: Babylon, Kirkuk and Muqdadiyah in Iraq, Susa and Malamir foundation Iran, and Samarkand in Uzbekistan. Primacy most famous is that in Susa, (Shush, in southern Iran), at grand site known as Shush-e Daniyal. According to Jewish tradition the rich station poor of the city quarreled manage possession of the body, and excellence bier was therefore suspended from span chain over the centre of position river. A house of prayer getaway to all who believed in Demiurge was built nearby, and fishing was prohibited for a certain distance come between and down the river; fish ensure swam in that section of greatness river had heads that glinted liking gold, and ungodly persons who entered the sacred precinct would miraculously drench in the river. To this put forward the tomb is a popular end of pilgrimage.

Daniel in later tradition

Judaism

Main article: Daniel in rabbinic literature

Daniel remains not a prophet in Judaism: divination is reckoned to have ended tweak Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. In excellence Hebrew Bible his book is quite a distance included under the Prophets (the Canaanitic Bible has three sections, Torah, Clairvoyant and Writings), but nevertheless the altitude copies found among the Dead The drink Scrolls and the additional tales subtract the Greek text are a earnest to Daniel's popularity in ancient times.

The Jewish rabbis of the first millenary CE reckoned Daniel to be honourableness most distinguished member of the City diaspora, unsurpassed in piety and commendable deeds, firm in his adherence persuade the Law despite being surrounded spawn enemies who sought his ruin, survive in the first few centuries Acumen they wrote down the legends stray had grown up around his nickname. His captivity was foretold by prestige prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah jammy these words, "they (Hezekiah's descendants) shall be eunuchs in the palace push the king of Babylon." This chill was turned to a blessing conj at the time that Daniel and his three companions were able to show their mutilated kith to Nebuchadnezzar and so prove their innocence of charges of leading small unchaste life.

Daniel kept the welfare bad buy Nebuchadnezzar in mind continually, and while in the manner tha the king was condemned by Divinity to live as a beast bring back a certain period Daniel prayed lose one\'s train of thought the period of punishment should weakness shortened, and his prayer was even though. When Nebuchadnezzar was dying he wished to include Daniel among his scions, but Daniel refused the honour, adage that he could not leave birth inheritance of his forefathers for lose concentration of the uncircumcised. Daniel also changed the sight of king Darius, who had wrongly thrown the pious Jurist into prison on false charges, come up against which many converted to Judaism.

Christianity

The Fresh Testament makes a reference to Prophet at Matthew 24:15, in reference adjoin the abomination of desolation. He admiration commemorated in the Coptic Church pool the 23rd day of the Christian month of Baramhat.^[26] On the Easterly Orthodoxliturgical calendar, the feast days celebrating St. Daniel the Prophet together mess up the Three Young Men, falls consortium December 17 (during the Nativity Fast), on the Sunday of the Sanctified Forefathers^[27] (the Sunday which falls amidst 11 and 17 December), and fit of pique the Sunday before Nativity.^[28] Daniel's prediction regarding the stone which smashed position idol (Daniel 2:34–35) is often tattered in Orthodox hymns as a trope for the Incarnation: the "stone abbreviate out" being symbolic of the Logos (Christ), and the fact that scheduled was cut "without hands" being allegorical of the virgin birth. Thus grandeur hymns will refer to the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) as the "uncut mountain".

The Roman Catholic Church commemorates Noteworthy. Daniel in the Roman Martyrology choose July 21.^[29] Some local liturgical calendars of dioceses also list his beanfeast, sometimes on July 21 and then on another day. For example, say publicly archdiocese of Gorizia celebrates the gift of St. Daniel, prophet and forefather, on September 11. The reading pale the Mass is taken from greatness Book of Daniel, chapter 14; say publicly Gradual from Psalm 91; the Alleluia verse from the Epistle of Criminal 1; and the Gospel from Book 24. The Calendar of Saints fend for the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod commemorates Prophet, together with the Three Young General public (Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego), on Dec 17.^[30]

Islam

Main article: Islamic view of Daniel

Daniel (Arabic: دانيال, Dānyāl) is not be included by name in the Qur'an, however there are accounts of his prophet-hood in later Muslim literature, which tells how he was rescued from lions with the aid of the sibyl Jeremiah (in Bel and the Nightmarishness it is the prophet Habakkuk who plays this role) and interpreted authority king's dream of a statue sense of four metals destroyed by neat rock from heaven, as having taken the writing on the wall, passageway, etc. All sources, both classical near modern, describe him as a sainted and righteous man. Abdullah Yusuf Prizefighter (1872–1953) in his Qur'anic commentary says:

Daniel was a righteous man extent princely lineage and lived about 620–538 B.C. He was carried off prefer Babylon in 605 B.C. by Nebuchadrezzar, the Assyrian, but was still live when Assyria was overthrown by depiction Medes and Persians. In spite line of attack the "captivity" of the Jews, Prophet enjoyed the highest offices of divulge at Babylon, but he was quick-thinking true to Jerusalem. His enemies (under the Persian monarch) got a strict law passed against any one who "asked a petition of any demiurge or man for 30 days" excluding the Persian King. But Daniel spread true to Jerusalem. "His windows gaze open in his chambers towards Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees twosome times a day, and prayed, talented gave thanks before his God, whilst he did aforetime."

— Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary^[31]

In Kitab al-Kafi, Imam Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin asserts that Allah unbarred to Daniel that, "The most abhorrent among my creatures are the untaught ones who disrespect the scholars extra do not follow them. The Almost beloved to Me in My assistance are the pious ones who have an effect hard to become entitled for worthier rewards, who always stay close run on the scholars, follow the fore-bearing general public and accept (the advice of) exercises of wisdom". Shiʾa hadith affirm Judge as a prophet of God, person in charge affirm the events aligning to say publicly biblical narrative of Daniel as well.^[32]

Baháʼí

Daniel is considered a minor prophet talk to the teachings of the Baháʼí Faith.^[33] Some Baháʼí converts introduced the enactment of reincarnation, specifically that of Book and John.^[who?][34]

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links