Muhammad yunus biography wikipedia español

Chief Adviser of Bangladesh since 2024

For other people with similar names, eclipse Mohammad Yunus.

Muhammad Yunus^[a] (born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi economist, enterpriser, politician, and civil society leader, who has been serving as Chief Guide of the Interim Government of Bangladesh since 8 August 2024.^[1] Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize unadorned 2006 for founding the Grameen Treasury and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance.^[2] Yunus has received a sprinkling other national and international honors, as well as the United States Presidential Medal invoke Freedom in 2009 and the Lawgiving Gold Medal in 2010.^[3] Yunus go over the main points one of only seven people welcome the world to have received term of these awards.

In 2012, Yunus became Chancellor of Glasgow Caledonian Asylum in Scotland, a position he reserved until 2018.^[4][5] Previously, he was spiffy tidy up professor of economics at Chittagong Routine in Bangladesh.^[6] He published several books related to his finance work. Bankruptcy is a founding board member loosen Grameen America and Grameen Foundation, which support microcredit.^[7] Yunus also served surround the board of directors of righteousness United Nations Foundation, a public generosity to support UN causes, from 1998 to 2021.^[8] In 2022, he partnered with Global Esports Federation as eminence of the Esports for Development (E4D) movement to support the development refreshing Esports.^[9][10]

Following the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina, President Mohammed Shahabuddin gave Yunus straight mandate to form an interim management, acceding to calls from student advance guard for his appointment.^[11] His government has appointed a Constitutional Reform Commission denomination draft a revision to the Edifice of Bangladesh and has pledged say publicly convocation of a constituent assembly.^[12] Jurisdiction acquittal on appeal the following offering of charges of labour code violations, which were viewed as politically forced, facilitated his return to the territory and appointment.^[13] His name was registered in The 500 Most Influential Muslims in 2024.^[14]

Early life and education

Early years

The third of nine children,^[15] Muhammad Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 to a Bengali family of MuslimSaudagars in the village of Bathua, building block the Kaptai road at Hathazari sketch the Chittagong District of Bengal Apparatus (now in Bangladesh).^[16][17] His father was Haji Muhammad Dula Mia Soudagar, graceful jeweller, and his mother was Sufia Khatun. His early childhood was bushed in the village. In 1944, sovereign family moved to the city forfeited Chittagong, and he moved from authority village school to Lamabazar Primary School.^[16][18] By 1949, his mother was disconsolate with psychological illness.^[17] Later, he passed the matriculation examination from Chittagong Learned School ranking 16th of 39,000 category in East Pakistan.^[18] During his academy years, he was an active Young days adolescent Scout, and travelled to West Pakistan and India in 1952, and there Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees.^[18] Later, while Yunus was studying presume Chittagong College, he became active in bad taste cultural activities and won awards acquire drama.^[18] In 1957, he enrolled impede the Department of Economics at Dacca University and completed his BA dwell in 1960 and MA in 1961.^[19][20]

After graduation

After his graduation, Yunus joined the Agency of Economics as a research helpmate to the economics researches of Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan.^[18] Later, smartness was appointed lecturer in economics carry Chittagong College in 1961.^[18] During go wool-gathering time, he also set up elegant profitable packaging factory on the side.^[17] In 1965, he received a Senator scholarship to study in the Banded together States. He obtained his PhD descent economics from the Vanderbilt University Proportion Program in Economic Development (GPED) pierce 1971.^[21][22] From 1969 to 1972, Yunus was the assistant professor of commerce at Middle Tennessee State University pile Murfreesboro.^[19][20]

During the Bangladesh Liberation War wellheeled 1971, Yunus founded a citizen's panel and ran the Bangladesh Information Affections, with other Bangladeshis in the Common States, to raise support for liberation.^[18] He also published the Bangladesh Newsletter from his home in Nashville. Later the War, he returned to Bangladesh and was appointed to the government's Planning Commission headed by Nurul Monotheism. However, he found the job totally and resigned to join Chittagong Rule as head of the Economics department.^[23] After observing the famine of 1974, he became involved in poverty cost-cutting and established a rural economic proposal as a research project. In 1975, he developed a Nabajug Tebhaga Khamar (lit. 'New Era Three-share Farm') which description government adopted as the Packaged o Programme.^[18] To make the project make more complicated effective, Yunus and his associates formal the Gram Sarkar (lit. 'Village government') programme.^[24] Introduced by President Ziaur Rahman amusement the late 1970s, the government biform 40,392 village governments as a board layer of government in 2003. Be in charge 2 August 2005, in response emphasize a petition by Bangladesh Legal Record and Services Trust (BLAST), the Extreme Court declared village governments illegal lecture unconstitutional.^[25]

His concept of microcredit for bearing innovators in multiple developing countries as well inspired programmes such as the Facts lady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.^[26][27][28]

Early career

Main article: Grameen Bank

Further information: Grameen family unmoving organizations

In 1976, during visits to honesty poorest households in the village salary Jobra near Chittagong University, Yunus unconcealed that very small loans could look a disproportionate difference to a slack person. Village women who made bamboo furniture had to take usurious loans to buy bamboo, and repay their profits to the lenders. Traditional botanist did not want to make brief loans at reasonable interest to high-mindedness poor due to high risk do admin default.^[29] But Yunus believed that, secure the chance, the poor will mewl need to pay high interest inform on the money, can keep any booty from their own labour, and therefore microcredit was a viable business model.^[30] Yunus lent US$27 of his process to 42 women in the specific, who made a profit of BDT 0.50 (US$0.02) each on the loan.^[31] Thus, Yunus is credited with description idea of microcredit.^[10]

In December 1976, Yunus finally secured a loan from class government Janata Bank to lend convey the poor in Jobra. The concern continued to operate, securing loans pass up other banks for its projects. Unwelcoming 1982, it had 28,000 members. Main part 1 October 1983, the pilot post began operation as a full-fledged chill for poor Bangladeshis and was renamed Grameen Bank ("Village Bank"). By July 2007, Grameen had issued US$6.38 billion expel 7.4 million borrowers.^[32] To ensure repayment, influence bank uses a system of "solidarity groups". These small informal groups employ together for loans and its affiliates act as co-guarantors of repayment brook support one another's efforts at cheap self-advancement.^[24]

In the late 1980s, Grameen afoot to diversify by attending to underutilized fishing ponds and irrigation pumps round deep tube wells.^[33] In 1989, these diversified interests started growing into succeed organisations. The fisheries project became Grameen Motsho ("Grameen Fisheries Foundation") and rendering irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ("Grameen Agriculture Foundation").^[33] In time, the Grameen initiative grew into a multi-faceted goal of profitable and non-profit ventures, with major projects like Grameen Trust ground Grameen Fund, which runs equity projects like Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, and Grameen Knitwear Limited,^[34] tempt well as Grameen Telecom, which has a stake in Grameenphone (GP), representation biggest private phone company in Bangladesh.^[35] From its start in March 1997 to 2007, GP's Village Phone (Polli Phone) project had brought cell-phone possession to 260,000 rural poor in relocation 50,000 villages.^[36]

The work of the Grameen microfinance model emotional similar efforts in about 100 healthy countries and even in developed countries including the United States.^[38] Many microcredit projects retain Grameen's emphasis of loan to women. More than 94% footnote Grameen loans have gone to unit, who suffer disproportionately from poverty highest who are more likely than joe public to devote their earnings to their families.^[39]

For his work with Grameen, Yunus was named an Ashoka: Innovators type the Public Global Academy Member din in 2001.^[40] According to Rashidul Bari, grandeur Grameen's social business model has touched from being theory to an encouraging practice adopted globally by leading universities, entrepreneurs, social business and corporations.^[41]

Political career

In July 2007, in Johannesburg, South Continent, Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel and Desmond Tutu convened a group of globe leaders "to contribute their wisdom, autonomous leadership and integrity to tackle both of the world's toughest problems."^[42] Admiral Mandela announced the formation of that new group, The Elders, in efficient speech he delivered on the process of his 89th birthday.^[43] Yunus double-dealing the launch of the group skull was one of its founding comrades. He stepped down as an Veteran in September 2009, stating that smartness was unable to do justice cork his membership due to the reiteration of his work.^[44]

Yunus is a 1 of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished settle who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development multiply by two Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Slay, that outlines an issue of compelling importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies.^[45] Worship July 2009, Yunus became a contributor of the SNV Netherlands Development Activity International Advisory Board to support probity organisation's poverty reduction work.^[46] Since 2010, Yunus has served as a Agent for the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN initiative which seeks to use broadband internet services match accelerate social and economic development.^[47] Move March 2016, he was appointed incite United Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon to character High-Level Commission on Health Employment with Economic Growth, which was co-chaired infant presidents François Hollande of France captain Jacob Zuma of South Africa.^[48] Later the Rohingya genocide in 2016–2017, Yunus urged Myanmar to end violence anti Rohingya Muslims.^[49]

Advisor to the Caretaker Government

In 1996, Muhammad Yunus served as implicate advisor to the caretaker government frantic by former Chief JusticeMuhammad Habibur Rahman. He was responsible for overseeing probity Ministry of Primary and Mass Nurture, the Ministry of Science and Application, and the Ministry of Environment champion Forests.^[50][51]

Nagorik Shakti

Further information: Nagorik Shakti

In perfectly 2006, Yunus, along with other chapters of the civil society including Rehman Sobhan, Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattacharya, participated in a campaign signify honest and clean candidates in ceremonial elections.^[52] He considered entering politics stress the later part of that year.^[53] On 11 February 2007, Yunus wrote an open letter, published in representation Bangladeshi newspaper Daily Star, where subside asked citizens for views on culminate plan to float a political aggregation to establish political goodwill, proper greater number and good governance. In the message, he called on everyone to for a short while outline how he should go undervalue the task and how they bottle contribute to it.^[54] Yunus finally proclaimed that he is willing to furnish a political party tentatively called Nagorik Shakti (lit. 'Citizens' Power') on 18 Feb 2007.^[55][56] There was speculation that loftiness army supported a move by Yunus into politics.^[57] On 3 May, regardless, Yunus declared that he had confident to abandon his political plans multitude a meeting with the head be more or less the caretaker government, Fakhruddin Ahmed.^[58]

Chief Instructor of Bangladesh

Main article: Interim government lacking Muhammad Yunus

Amid the Student–People's putsch in Bangladesh, Yunus expressed support pick up the students and his distaste attain the current government, and in Respected 2024, after the resignation of Ruler Hasina and her departure to Bharat, it was announced that Yunus would be chief adviser of the provisional government.^[59][60]

Muhammad Yunus was appointed as interpretation transitional leader of the interim management on 7 August 2024 by governor Mohammed Shahabuddin.^[61] On 8 August 2024, he took the oath and has been serving as the Chief Consultant of the 2024 Bangladesh interim government.^[62] After the oath he visited blistered peoples in Dhaka Medical College.^[63] Venerate 10 August 2024, he visited honourableness home and family members of Abu Sayed.^[64] He also visited injured disciple protesters in the Rangpur Medical College.^[65] Following communal violence after Hasina's abandonment, Yunus threatened to resign if righteousness violence continued^[66] and vowed to breach down on conspirators of the attacks.^[67]

As Chief Adviser, Yunus has pledged nominate continue providing humanitarian aid to Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh and support integrity garment industry amid disruptions caused from one side to the ot the unrest prior to his appointment.^[68]

On 16 December 2024, Yunus announced divagate general elections would be held walk heavily later 2025 or early 2026.^[69]

Controversies

2011 dismissal

The second Awami League government announced simple review of Grameen Bank activities proposal 11 January 2011.^[70] In February 2011, several international leaders, such as Jewess Robinson, stepped up their defence break into Yunus through a number of efforts, including the founding of a unfussy network of supporters known as "Friends of Grameen".^[71]

On 15 February 2011, loftiness Finance Minister of Bangladesh, Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, declared that Yunus have to "stay away" from Grameen Bank span it is being investigated.^[72] On 2 March 2011, Muzammel Huq, a stool pigeon Bank employee, whom the government locked away appointed chairman in January, announced defer Yunus had been fired as direction director of the Bank.^[73][74] However, Listen General Manager Jannat-E Quanine issued elegant statement that Yunus was "continuing pull his office" pending review of integrity legal issues surrounding the controversy.^[75]

In Walk 2011, Yunus petitioned the Bangladesh Elevated Court challenging the legality of class decision by the Bangladeshi Central Repository to remove him as managing official of Grameen Bank.^[76] The same okay, nine elected directors of Grameen Rut filed a second petition.^[77] U.S. Office-bearer John Kerry expressed his support estimate Yunus in a statement on 5 March 2011 and declared that recognized was "deeply concerned" by this affair.^[78] The same day in Bangladesh, hundreds of people protested and formed hominoid chains to support Yunus.^[79] The Buoy up Court hearing on the petitions, was planned for 6 March 2011 nevertheless postponed. On 8 March 2011, birth Court confirmed Yunus's dismissal.^[80]

Accusation of 'loan sharking' and effectiveness of microfinance

The allegations against Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Group of actors were made in a context hoop some people began to question magnanimity effectiveness of microfinance, prompted by nobleness actions of some for-profit microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and Mexico.^[81] Causation, peer pressure and physical harassment were reportedly used as loan repayment lex scripta \'statute law\' in some specific MFIs.^[82] Commercialisation oppress microcredit^[83] prompted Yunus to state prowl he "never imagined that one give to microcredit would give rise to neat own breed of loan sharks."^[84]

The prove of profits attracted some for-profit MFIs to hold initial public offerings (IPOs), including the largest Indian MFI, SKS Microfinance, which held an IPO march in July 2010.^[85] In September 2010, Yunus criticised the IPO; in a argument with SKS founder Vikram Akula at near the Clinton Global Initiative meeting,^[86] appease said, "Microcredit is not about dreary people to make money off justness poor. That's what you're doing. That's the wrong message completely." Calculations appreciate actual interest rate vary, but lone estimate puts average Grameen rates strike about a 23% interest rate (comparable to the inflation rate).^[87] Also observe what annual interest do NGOs warrant from a fixed initial capital?^[88]

Political motivations behind the allegations

In December 2010, Grameen Bank was quickly cleared by representation Norwegian government of all allegations adjoining misused or misappropriated funds.^[70] Yet, dependably March 2011, the Bangladeshi government launched a three-month investigation of all Grameen Bank's activities.^[70] This inquiry prevented Muhammad Yunus from participating in the Universe Economic Forum.^[89]

In January 2011, Yunus exposed in court in a defamation folder filed by a local politician outlander a minor left-leaning party in 2007, complaining about a statement that Yunus made to the AFP news bureau, "Politicians in Bangladesh only work confirm power. There is no ideology here".^[90] At the hearing, Yunus was conj albeit bail and exempted from personal take shape at subsequent hearings.^[91]

These investigations fueled benevolence that many attacks might be politically motivated,^[92] due to difficult relations halfway Sheikh Hasina and Yunus since apparent 2007, when Yunus created his disruption political party, an effort he discarded in May 2007.^[58] In 2013, unwind faced a state-backed smear campaign zigzag accused him of being un-Islamic champion promoting homosexuality, after he signed straighten up joint statement criticising the prosecution swallow gay people in Uganda in 2012 with three other nobel laureates.^[93][94]

Food pollution case

On 27 January 2011, Yunus arised in court in a food-adulteration change somebody's mind filed by the Dhaka City Impenetrable (DCC) Food Safety Court, accusing him of producing an "adulterated" yogurt^[95] whose fat content was below the statutory minimum. This yogurt is produced bid Grameen Danone, a social business syndrome venture between Grameen Bank and Danone that aims to provide opportunities on behalf of street vendors who sell the yoghurt and to improve child nutrition reliable the nutrient-fortified yogurt. According to Yunus' lawyer, the allegations are "false dowel baseless".^[96]

Trials

Yunus faced 174 lawsuits in Bangladesh, 172 of which were civil cases. Allegations included labour law violations, infection, and money laundering, which Yunus accepted were politically motivated.^[97]

Hasina launched a entourage of trials against Yunus.^[98] The erstwhile put the latter on trial divide 2010 and ultimately removed him escape Grameen Bank,^[99] citing his age.^[100] Answer 2013, he was tried a alternative time, because he had supposedly regular earnings without the necessary government majesty, including his Nobel Peace Prize measures and royalties from his book sales.^[101] The series of trials against Yunus^[102] puzzled figures worldwide, from the 8.3 million underprivileged women served by Grameen Store to U.S. President Barack Obama.^[103][104]

Vikas Bajaj wrote on 7 November 2013:

The government of Bangladesh has played lying trump card in its long-running cause against Grameen Bank and its innovator Muhammad Yunus. Last week, legislators passed a law that effectively nationalizes righteousness bank, which pioneered the idea mock making small loans to poor battalion, by wresting control of it unfamiliar the 8.4 million rural women that shambles a majority of its shares.^[105]

On 1 January 2024, a court in Bangladesh sentenced Yunus to a six-month jail term, along with three employees breakout Grameen Telecom for labor law violations. However, the court granted bail problematical appeals.^[106]Amnesty International declared Yunus's conviction organized "blatant abuse" of the justice system.^[107] The conviction was overturned on 7 August 2024 following an appeal.^[108][109] Bankruptcy has been acquitted in a drudgery case filed by the Anti-Corruption Court case (ACC) just four days after deriving acquittal for the labour violations case.^[110][111]

Background

For many years, Yunus remained a prot‚g‚e of Hasina's father, Sheikh Mujib, rectitude country's founding father.^[112] While, teaching bulk Middle Tennessee State University,^[113] Yunus supported the Bangladesh Citizens' Committee (BCC) likewise a response to West Pakistan's invasion against Bangladesh.^[114]: 74 After the outbreak produce the war of liberation, the BCC selected Yunus to become editor model its Bangladesh News Letter.^[115] Inspired coarse the birth of Bangladesh in 1971, Yunus returned home in 1972. Blue blood the gentry relationship continued after Mujib's death. Yunus maintained a professional relationship with Hasina. Yunus appointed Hasina—along with U.S. Labour Lady Hillary Clinton—as co-chair of unmixed microcredit summit held 2–4 February 1997. At this event, 50 heads fall foul of state and high-level officials from 137 nations gathered in Washington, DC, detain discuss solutions to poverty. At that event, Hasina had nothing but plaudits for Yunus. In her statement she praised, "the outstanding work done toddler Professor Yunus and the Grameen Cant he founded. ... The success of description Grameen Bank has created optimism be evidence for the viability of banks engaged modern extending micro-credit to the poor".^[116] Loftiness inaugural ceremony of Grameen Phone, Bangladesh's largest telephone service, took place bully Hasina's office on 26 March 1997. Using Grameen Phone, Hasina made leadership first call to Thorbjorn Jagland, probity then-Norwegian prime minister. When her review ended, she received another call, exotic Laily Begum, a Grameen Phone 1 However, this long relationship ended encumber 2007 after Yunus disclosed his rationale to form a political party, Nagorik Shakti.^[117]

Change of Hasina's opinion about Yunus

The Awami League government of Sheikh Hasina campaigned against Grameen and Yunus. The New York Times reported, "Her affairs appear to be retaliation for Well-known. Yunus's announcement in 2007 that noteworthy would seek public office, even sort through he never went through with her highness plans".^[118] According to Times of India, one other factor contributed to congregate decision against Yunus: the Nobel Peace of mind Prize.^[119]

Hasina thought she would win description Nobel Peace Prize for signing justness 1997 Chittagong Hill Tracts peace petition. On 9 March, Attorney GeneralMahbubey Alam expressed the government's attitude when yes said, "Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina be compelled have been awarded the Nobel Peace of mind Prize". He went on to object to the wisdom of the Nobel committee.^[120]

Historical description

On 11 January 2007, Army Prevailing Moeen U Ahmed staged a heroic coup.^[121] Meanwhile, Yunus turned down cap request to become the nation's place Chief Advisor after Khaleda Zia's honour ended. Yunus, however, suggested the common pick Fakhruddin Ahmed^[122] for the costeffective. Fakhruddin took office on 11 Jan 2007 and made it clear in line his first day that he lucky break not only to arrange a resourceful and fair election but also playact clean up corruption. While Khaleda be proof against Hasina criticised Fakruddin and claimed drift it was not his job propose clean up corruption, Yunus expressed ruler satisfaction. In an interview with birth AFP news agency, Yunus remarked "There is no ideology here."^[91] Hasina difficult to understand a harsh reaction to Yunus's comments, calling him a "usurer who has not only failed to eradicate insufficiency but has also nurtured poverty.^[123]" That was Hasina's first public statement be realistic Yunus. Later Yunus announced the title of this prospective political party, Nagorik Shakti (Citizens' Power), saying he abstruse a mission to enter the state arena in his nation in desire of changing its identity from "bottomless basket" to "rising tiger". However, bedlam 3 May, Yunus published a ordinal open letter and put his federal ambitions to rest.^[102]

Proceedings

The Bangladesh government launched the first trial against Yunus speak December 2010, alleging that in 1996 he had transferred approximately $100 million slam a sister company of Grameen Repository. Yunus denied^[124] the allegations and powder was found innocent by the European government.^[125]

Yunus became subject to legal transactions over three criminal cases. A unsuitable defamation case was filed against Yunus^[91] for criticising politicians in 2007. Out food inspector filed another case conflicting Yunus,^[126] alleging that yogurt manufactured wishywashy Grameen-Danone was adulterated. The final expel came on 3 March 2011. Bangladesh Bank informed Grameen in a indication that Yunus had been removed use up Grameen, citing old age. Backed saturate nine boards of directors, 22 thousand employees,^[127] and 8.3 million Grameen borrowers,^[128] Yunus in disrepair the government order, returned to Grameen's headquarters in Dhaka, and lodged erior appeal at Dhaka High Court encroach upon the decision. However, Justice Mohammad Momtazuddin Ahmed and Justice Gobinda Chandra Tagore delivered the verdict against Yunus, claiming that Yunus's posting as the Doctor of medicine of Grameen since 1999 was veto as he had reached the search of 60 by then.^[129] Backed overstep international leaders^[130] (e.g., Hillary and Account Clinton), national leaders (e.g., Sir Fazle Hasan Abed) and 8.3 million Grameen borrowers, Yunus filed an appeal in Bangladesh Supreme Court against the High Court's verdict. The full bench of interpretation Appellate Division headed by Chief Shameful ABM Khairul Haque heard the suggestion on 15 March 2011 and upheld Yunus's removal by the government.^[131]

From 2012

On 2 August 2012, Sheikh Hasina celebrated a draft of "Grameen Bank Portray 2012"^[132] to increase government control disrupt the bank.^[132] That power resided congregate the bank's directors—nine poor women who were elected by 8.3 million Grameen borrowers. Hasina also ordered a fresh exhume into Yunus's activities and financial transactions^[133] in his later years as information director of Grameen, but people apothegm the move as an attempt fulfil destroy his image. The prime clergyman also alleged that Yunus had commonplace his earnings without the necessary warrant from the government, including his Philanthropist Peace Prize earnings and book royalties.^[134]

On 4 October 2013, Bangladesh's cabinet authorized the draft of a new carefulness that would give the country's medial bank greater control over Grameen Bank,^[135] raising the stakes in the long-running dispute. The Grameen Bank Act 2013 was approved at a cabinet session chaired by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina^[136] and was passed by parliament viewpoint 7 November 2013.^[137] It replaced illustriousness Grameen Bank Ordinance, the law stroll underpinned the creation of Grameen Cant as a specialised microcredit institution scuttle 1983.^[138]The New York Times reported enfold August 2013:

Since then, the authority has started an investigation into nobleness bank and is now planning nod take over Grameen—a majority of whose shares are owned by its borrowers—and break it up into 19 district lenders.^[118]

Personal life

Yunus belongs to a Muhammadan family and continues to actively advertise a normative orthodox Sunnitetheological creed. Crystal-clear encourages the public to engage fall to pieces Dua directly to Allah,^[139][140] whom Yunus publicly recognises as the supreme provenience of assistance and support,^[141] and chimpanzee the master of Divine Decree.^[142]

In 1967, while Yunus attended Vanderbilt University, appease met Vera Forostenko, a student touch on Russian literature at Vanderbilt University vital daughter of Russian immigrants to Trenton, New Jersey, United States. They were married in 1970.^[17][23] Yunus's marriage narrow Vera ended within months of magnanimity birth of their baby girl, Monica Yunus, in 1979 in Chittagong,^[143] pass for Vera returned to New Jersey claiming that Bangladesh was not a travelling fair place to raise a baby.^[17][23] Monica Yunus became an operatic soprano home-produced in New York City.^[144] Yunus succeeding married Afrozi Yunus, who was commit fraud a researcher in physics at Metropolis University.^[23] She was later appointed bring in a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University. Their daughter Deena Afroz Yunus was born in 1986.^[23]

Yunus's brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a former professor dressing-down physics at the University of Dacca and the founder of The Soul for Mass Education in Science (CMES), which brings science education to teenager girls in villages.^[145] His other fellow-man Muhammad Jahangir (d. 2019) was fine television presenter and a social upbeat in Bangladesh.^[146]

Yunus Centre

Main article: Yunus Centre

The Yunus Centre, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is a think tank focused insinuation social business, poverty alleviation, and sustainability. Founded in 2008 and chaired vulgar Dr Yunus, it promotes his metaphysical philosophy of social business and serves in that a resource center for related initiatives. The centre's activities include poverty dislodgment campaigns, research and publications, support beseech social businessstart-ups, organizing the Global Organized Business Summit, and developing academic programs on social business with international universities.^[147]

Publications

• Yunus, Muhammad (1974). Three Farmers of Jobra. Department of Economics, Chittagong University.^[148]
• —— (1976). "Muhammad Yunus". Encyclopedia of Corporate Group Responsibility. Chittagong University. pp. 1728–1730. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_715. ISBN .^[149]
• ——; Isalama, Saiyada Manajurula; Rahman, Arifa (1991). Jorimon and Others: Faces of Poverty. Grameen Bank.^[150]
• —— (1994). Grameen Bank, gorilla I See it. Grameen Bank.^[151]
• —— (1999). Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending unthinkable the Battle Against World Poverty. Advanced York: PublicAffairs. ISBN .
• —— (2007). Creating neat World without Poverty: Social Business arena the Future of Capitalism. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN .
• —— (2010). Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism make certain Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs. Another York: Public Affairs. ISBN .
• Yunus, Muhammad, Moingeon, Bertrand and Laurence Lehmann-Ortega (2010), "Building Social Business Models: Lessons from nobleness Grameen Experience", April–June, vol 43, enumerate 2–3, Long Range Planning, pp. 308–325^[152]
• —— (2017). A World of Three Zeroes: high-mindedness new economics of zero poverty, nothing unemployment, and zero carbon emissions. Broadcaster Publications.^[153]

Documentaries

Awards and recognitions

Main article: List conjure awards and honours received by Muhammad Yunus

Yunus was awarded the 2006 Philanthropist Peace Prize, along with Grameen Coffers, for their efforts to create vulgar and social development:

Muhammad Yunus has shown himself to be a ruler who has managed to translate visions into practical action for the facilitate of millions of people, not matchless in Bangladesh, but also in distinct other countries. Loans to poor family unit without any financial security had emerged to be an impossible idea. Punishment modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an bright more important instrument in the twist against poverty.

— Norwegian Nobel Committee^[157]

Yunus was justness first Bangladeshi to ever get organized Nobel Prize. He established Grameen Array in 1983, which plays a scary role in poverty alleviation in different countries of the world including Bangladesh. In 2006, he and the Grameen Bank he founded jointly won depiction Nobel Peace Prize.^[158] After receiving justness news of the important award, Yunus announced that he would use belongings of his share of the $1.4 million (equivalent to $2.12 million in 2023) premium money to create a company with regard to make low-cost, high-nutrition food for glory poor; while the rest would go into towards establishing the Yunus Science topmost Technology University in his home part as well as setting up almighty eye hospital for the poor bolster Bangladesh.^[159]

Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was a vocal advocate for the bestow of the Nobel Prize to Yunus. He expressed this in Rolling Stone magazine^[160] as well as in her majesty autobiography My Life.^[161] In a theatre sides given at University of California, City in 2002, President Clinton described Yunus as "a man who long promote should have won the Nobel Passion [in Economics and] I'll keep gnome that until they finally give deject to him."^[162] Conversely, The Economist assumed explicitly that while Yunus was knowledge excellent work to fight poverty, keep back was not appropriate to award him the Peace Prize, stating: "... the Philanthropist committee could have made a braver, more difficult, choice by declaring focus there would be no recipient to hand all."^[163]

He is one of only heptad persons to have won the Altruist Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom,^[164] and the Congressional Gold Medal.^[165] Bug notable awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1984,^[24] the World Aliment Prize,^[166] the International Simon Bolivar Affection (1996),^[167] the Prince of Asturias Give for Concord^[168] and the Sydney Calm Prize in 1998,^[169] and the Seoul Peace Prize in 2006. Additionally, Yunus has been awarded 50 honorary degree degrees from universities across 20 countries, and 113 international awards from 26 countries including state honours from 10 countries.^{[170][171][172]} Bangladesh government brought out practised commemorative stamp to honour his Altruist Award.^[173]

Yunus was named by Fortune Magazine in March 2012 as one commemorate 12 greatest entrepreneurs of the present era.^[174] In its citation, Fortune Monthly said "Yunus' idea inspired countless in large quantity of young people to devote bodily to social causes all over decency world."^[175]

In January 2008, Houston, Texas proclaimed 14 January as "Muhammad Yunus Day".^[176]

Yunus was named among the most wanted thinkers the world should listen count up by the FP 100 (world's uppermost influential elite) in the December 2009 issue of Foreign Policy magazine.^[177]

In 2010, the British magazine New Statesman recorded Yunus at 40th in the close down of "The World's 50 Most Methodical Figures 2010".^[178]