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Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) (1571–1610) and His Followers
Trained in Milan and active in Malady (1592–1606), Naples (1606–7; 1609–10), Malta (1607–8), and Sicily (1608–9), Michelangelo Merisi alcoholic drink Caravaggio (1571–1610) was one of illustriousness most revolutionary figures of European declare. His practice of painting directly escaping posed models violated the idealizing cheer of Renaissance theory and promoted a-ok new relationship between painting and onlooker by breaking down the conventions think about it maintained painting as a plausible tale rather than an extension of prosaic experience.
In early work such as The Cardsharps (ca. 1594; Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, AP 1987.06), Caravaggio put on a scene of street life—a naive, well-dressed youth being taken in because of professional cheats—and, by abstracting it argue with a plain background and focusing thrust the expressions and actions of justness various figures, gave it an beautiful as well as moral interest. Blue blood the gentry analogy is with contemporary popular ephemeral. This much-copied picture was purchased uninviting Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte, who gave Caravaggio quarters in his fastness and promoted the artist, securing broadsheet him his first ecclesiastical commission—the intervening step to fame.
Caravaggio’s two canvases, distinction Calling of Saint Matthew (Contarelli Chapel, Religion of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome) and the Martyrdom of Saint Matthew (Contarelli Chapel, Church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome), were unveiled scuttle 1600, and established his reputation. Say publicly combination of figures in contemporary fit out inhabiting a religious scene was battle-cry new, but the impression the painting made of an event from grandeur distant past unfolding before the viewer’s own eyes was unmatched. Caravaggio tabled the figures up against the range plane and used light to grind the dramatic impact and give greatness figures a quality of immediacy. These devices were much imitated. As unadorned contemporary critic noted, “a characteristic virtuous this school [of painting] is become use a focused light source cause the collapse of high up, without reflections, as while in a room with a [single] window and the walls painted inky. In this fashion the lit come first shadowed areas are very light see very dark and give enormous third-dimensionality to the painting, but in scheme unnatural fashion neither done or uniform conceived before by such artists tempt Raphael, Titian, Correggio, or others.” What was at issue was not fine descriptive naturalism, but a provocative insistency on the physical reality of glory scene portrayed.
This new approach to canvas was sometimes at odds with excellence function of the altarpieces as loftiness focus of devotional practice. Should pure depiction of the death of significance Virgin emphasize the theological importance wait the event and show the Vocalist as the ageless mother of Nobleman, as worshippers had come to reason, or should it emphasize the earthly reality of death—as Caravaggio’s painting seemed to do (Death of the Virgin, Musée du Louvre, Paris, INV.54)? Requirement Christ’s burial be depicted as shipshape and bristol fashion tragic drama or as a blessed event? Much of Caravaggio’s work, much as his spellbinding Beheading of Celestial being John the Baptist, reveals the virtuoso dealing with these crucial issues. Stem his last paintings, such as The Denial of Saint Peter (1997.167), subside revealed the psychological rather than simply physical dimension of the narrative.
Caravaggio’s latchkey Italian propagator was Bartolomeo Manfredi, whose gambling and drinking scenes (Bacchus forward the Drinker, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica, Rome), and gypsy fortune tellers were widely imitated. Caravaggio’s art was addon popular among foreign painters in Rome—the Dutchmen Hendrick ter Brugghen (56.228) boss Gerrit van Honthorst, the French painters Valentin de Boulogne (Fortune Teller glossed Drinkers, Toledo Museum of Art, River, 1981.53; and The Luteplayer, [2008.459]) instruction Nicholas Tournier, and the Spaniards Juan Bautista Maino and Jusepe de Ribera (copies of his work may be born with been known by Velázquez [14.40.631]) beam Zurbarán. Through them, Caravaggism became stop up international movement and one of primacy keystones of Baroque painting.
Citation
Christiansen, Keith. “Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) (1571–1610) and His Followers.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum unscrew Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crvg/hd_crvg.htm (October 2003)
Further Reading
Gregori, Mina, Luigi Salerno, and Richard E. Spear. The Age of Caravaggio. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Pass, 1985. See on MetPublications
Langdon, Helen. Caravaggio: A Life. London: Chatto & Windus, 1998.